Orchitis, an inflammation of the testes, can often be associated with infectious diseases. While it can occur due to non-infectious causes, understanding the infectious etiology is crucial for proper management and prevention.
What Causes Infectious Orchitis?
What Are the Symptoms of Orchitis?
Symptoms of orchitis can include testicular swelling, pain, and tenderness. There may be systemic symptoms like fever, nausea, and malaise. In the case of
mumps orchitis, parotitis often precedes testicular involvement. The inflammation can lead to complications such as testicular atrophy or even
infertility if not treated promptly.
How Is Orchitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of orchitis involves a thorough medical history and physical examination.
Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality to evaluate testicular pain and swelling, helping differentiate orchitis from other conditions like
testicular torsion. Laboratory tests may include urinalysis, urine culture, and STI screening. Serology can confirm viral causes, particularly mumps.
What Is the Treatment for Infectious Orchitis?
Treatment for infectious orchitis depends on the underlying cause. For viral orchitis, supportive care including analgesics and bed rest is the mainstay, as antiviral therapy is generally not indicated. Bacterial orchitis requires
antibiotic therapy, tailored to the suspected or confirmed organism. In the case of STIs, sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection.
How Can Orchitis Be Prevented?
Prevention strategies vary based on the etiology. Vaccination is key for preventing mumps orchitis; the
MMR vaccine is routinely administered to children to prevent mumps, measles, and rubella. Practicing safe sex, including the use of condoms, can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted bacterial orchitis. Maintaining good hygiene and managing underlying urinary tract conditions can also help prevent bacterial infections.
What Are the Long-term Complications of Orchitis?
Long-term complications of orchitis can include
testicular atrophy and infertility, especially if both testes are affected. Chronic pain and abscess formation are other potential complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to minimizing these risks.
Is Orchitis Contagious?
Orchitis itself is not contagious, but the underlying infections that cause orchitis may be. For instance, mumps and certain STIs are contagious and can be spread to others. Preventive measures and prompt treatment are important to reduce transmission risks.
Conclusion
Orchitis, particularly infectious orchitis, is a significant condition that requires prompt attention to prevent complications. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. Public health measures, including vaccination and safe sex practices, play a vital role in preventing this condition.
