What is Corynebacterium striatum?
Corynebacterium striatum is a gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that belongs to the genus Corynebacterium. Historically, it was considered a non-pathogenic organism primarily found as a part of normal skin flora. However, recent studies have identified it as an emerging pathogen, particularly in healthcare settings, causing a range of
nosocomial infections.
How is Corynebacterium striatum transmitted?
The transmission of Corynebacterium striatum primarily occurs via direct contact with contaminated surfaces or through person-to-person contact, especially in
hospital settings. It can be spread by healthcare workers' hands or medical equipment that has not been properly sterilized. Patients with compromised immune systems or those with indwelling medical devices are particularly at risk.
Which infections are caused by Corynebacterium striatum?
Corynebacterium striatum is associated with a variety of infections including
bacteremia, respiratory tract infections, wound infections, and infections related to indwelling medical devices such as catheters. In immunocompetent individuals, it may cause mild to moderate infections, but in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions.
What are the risk factors for infection?
Several risk factors increase the likelihood of Corynebacterium striatum infections. These include prolonged hospitalization, use of invasive devices like
central venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, and previous exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Patients with underlying health conditions such as diabetes, chronic lung disease, or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are also at higher risk.
How can Corynebacterium striatum infections be diagnosed?
Diagnosis of infections caused by Corynebacterium striatum involves microbiological culture and identification from clinical specimens such as blood, sputum, or wound exudates.
Molecular techniques like PCR can be used for more rapid and accurate identification. It is important for laboratories to differentiate C. striatum from other Corynebacterium species, as this impacts treatment decisions.
What are the treatment options for Corynebacterium striatum infections?
Treatment of Corynebacterium striatum infections typically involves the use of
antibiotics to which the organism is susceptible. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains poses a significant challenge. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is crucial to determine the appropriate therapy, with vancomycin and linezolid often used for MDR strains. In some cases, removal of infected medical devices may be necessary.
Can Corynebacterium striatum be prevented?
Preventive measures are essential to control the spread of Corynebacterium striatum, especially in healthcare settings. These include strict adherence to infection control practices such as hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment. Regular surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs can also help minimize the development and spread of resistant strains.What is the prognosis for patients with Corynebacterium striatum infections?
The prognosis for patients with Corynebacterium striatum infections depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the severity of the infection, and the presence of resistant strains. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment generally lead to favorable outcomes. However, in severely immunocompromised patients or those with MDR infections, the prognosis may be poorer.
