What are Antibiotics?
Antibiotics are a class of drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth. Antibiotics are not effective against viral, fungal, or parasitic infections.
How Do Antibiotics Work?
Antibiotics target specific structures or functions essential to bacterial survival. Common mechanisms include disrupting the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting protein synthesis, and interfering with DNA replication.When Should Antibiotics be Prescribed?
Antibiotics should be prescribed when there is a clear bacterial infection, confirmed by clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Misuse or overuse can lead to
antibiotic resistance, rendering these drugs less effective over time.
What is Antibiotic Resistance?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics. This can happen through genetic mutations or acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. It poses a significant threat to global health.Side Effects of Antibiotics
While antibiotics can be life-saving, they also have potential side effects. Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and
Clostridium difficile infection. Long-term use can lead to more serious complications.
How to Use Antibiotics Responsibly?
To use antibiotics responsibly, follow the prescribed dosage and duration. Do not use antibiotics for viral infections like the flu or common cold. Always complete the full course, even if you feel better, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.Future of Antibiotics
With the rise of antibiotic resistance, there is a pressing need for new antibiotics and alternative therapies. Research is ongoing to develop novel antibiotics, bacteriophages, and other strategies to combat bacterial infections.