Viral interference can occur through various mechanisms:
Immune Response Activation: The first virus can stimulate the host's immune system, producing interferons and other antiviral molecules that inhibit the second virus. Competition for Cellular Resources: Viruses compete for the host cell's machinery, such as ribosomes and nucleotides, essential for their replication. Receptor Occupation: The first virus may occupy or down-regulate the cell surface receptors required by the second virus to enter the cell.
