What are Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers?
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are products containing varying amounts of
ethyl alcohol,
isopropyl alcohol, or both. These sanitizers quickly reduce the number of germs on hands when used correctly, making them an effective tool in
infection control.
How Do They Work?
The primary mechanism by which alcohol-based hand sanitizers work is through the disruption of microbial membranes. Alcohols denature the proteins of the microbes, effectively inactivating or killing them. The effectiveness of these sanitizers depends on the concentration of alcohol, with a concentration of 60% to 95% being the most effective range. When Should You Use Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers?
These sanitizers are particularly useful in settings where
handwashing with soap and water is not available. They are recommended for use in healthcare settings, public places, and during travel. It's important to use hand sanitizers after contact with potentially contaminated surfaces or individuals, especially during an
outbreak of infectious diseases like
influenza or
COVID-19.
Are They Effective Against All Germs?
While alcohol-based hand sanitizers are effective against many types of germs, they are not effective against all pathogens. For example, they are less effective at removing certain
noroviruses and
Clostridium difficile. For these pathogens, handwashing with soap and water is recommended.
What Are the Limitations?
There are several limitations to the use of hand sanitizers. They are not effective when hands are visibly dirty or greasy. Moreover, they do not remove harmful chemicals, such as pesticides, from hands. Therefore, whenever possible, handwashing with soap and water should be preferred, especially after handling food, using the restroom, or when hands are heavily soiled.
How to Use Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers Correctly?
To use hand sanitizers effectively, apply the product to the palm of one hand and rub your hands together. Ensure that the sanitizer covers all surfaces of your hands and fingers. Rub the product over your hands until they feel dry, which should take around 20 seconds. Do not wipe or rinse your hands before the sanitizer has dried, as this can reduce its effectiveness. Are There Any Health Risks?
Regular use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers is generally safe; however, excessive use can lead to skin irritation or dryness. People with sensitive skin may experience
dermatitis due to frequent use. To mitigate these effects, look for sanitizers containing moisturizers or use a hand lotion after application. It is also important to keep these products out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
What Role Do Hand Sanitizers Play in Public Health?
Hand sanitizers play a crucial role in
public health by providing a simple and effective means of preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Their widespread availability and ease of use make them an essential component in infectious disease management, especially in high-risk settings such as hospitals, schools, and crowded public areas.
Conclusion
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are an important tool in the fight against infectious diseases. While they are not a substitute for handwashing with soap and water, they are an effective alternative when water is not available. Understanding their benefits, limitations, and proper usage can enhance their effectiveness and contribute significantly to infection control efforts.
