What is Pink Eye?
Pink eye, also known as
conjunctivitis, is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball. When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they’re more visible. This is what causes the whites of your eyes to appear reddish or pink.
Causes of Pink Eye
Pink eye can be caused by
viruses,
bacteria, allergens, and irritants. The most common infectious causes are:
-
Viral Conjunctivitis: Often caused by adenoviruses, this type is highly contagious.
-
Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
-
Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust, and pet dander.
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Irritant Conjunctivitis: Caused by irritants such as smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, and shampoo.
Symptoms of Pink Eye
Common symptoms include:
- Redness in one or both eyes
- Itchiness in one or both eyes
- A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
- A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night
- TearingHow is Pink Eye Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider can often diagnose pink eye based on the symptoms and an eye examination. In some cases, they may take a sample of the discharge from your eye for laboratory analysis to determine the cause.Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause:
- Viral Conjunctivitis: Usually resolves on its own. Antiviral medications are not typically required.
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments.
- Allergic Conjunctivitis: Managed with allergy medications and avoiding allergens.
- Irritant Conjunctivitis: Improves once the irritant is removed.Prevention Tips
To prevent the spread of infectious pink eye:
- Wash your hands often.
- Avoid touching your eyes.
- Do not share personal items such as towels or eye makeup.
- Clean and disinfect surfaces regularly.When to See a Doctor
You should see a doctor if you experience:
- Intense redness in the eye
- Pain in the eye
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision
- Symptoms that worsen or don’t improveComplications and Prognosis
Most cases of pink eye are mild and resolve without complications. However, severe cases, particularly those caused by certain bacteria, can lead to complications such as corneal ulcers, which can affect vision if not treated promptly.Conclusion
Pink eye is a common condition with various causes, including viral and bacterial infections. While it is generally mild and self-limiting, proper hygiene and timely treatment can help prevent its spread and complications. Always consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.