What are Adenovirus Infections?
Adenovirus infections are caused by a group of common viruses that can infect the lining of your
eyes, airways and lungs, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system. These infections can cause a range of illnesses depending on the virus type and the infected tissue.
How are Adenoviruses Transmitted?
Adenoviruses are highly
contagious and spread from person to person through close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands, or through the air by coughing and sneezing. They can also spread through contaminated water, such as swimming pools, and surfaces or objects.
What are the Common Symptoms?
The symptoms of adenovirus infections can vary widely depending on the site of infection. Common respiratory symptoms include sore throat,
fever, cough, and pink eye (conjunctivitis). Gastrointestinal infections might cause diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, adenovirus can lead to more severe illnesses such as pneumonia or
meningitis.
Who is Most at Risk?
While anyone can be infected, young children, individuals with weakened
immune systems, and those with existing respiratory or cardiac conditions are more susceptible to severe adenovirus infections. Outbreaks are more common in close living quarters such as military barracks, daycare centers, and college dormitories.
How is Adenovirus Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Physicians may order
molecular tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect adenovirus DNA in respiratory fluids, stool, or blood. Immunofluorescence assays can also be used to identify adenovirus antigens.
What are the Treatment Options?
Most adenovirus infections are mild and require no specific treatment other than symptom relief. Over-the-counter medications can help manage fever and pain. In more severe cases, especially in immunocompromised patients, antiviral therapies like
cidofovir may be considered, though their use is limited.
Can Adenovirus Infections be Prevented?
Preventive measures include practicing good
hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and disinfecting surfaces. For certain types of adenovirus, particularly those affecting military recruits, vaccines are available. However, these are not widely used in the general population.
What is the Prognosis for Adenovirus Infections?
Most people recover fully from adenovirus infections without any long-term effects. However, severe infections can lead to complications such as chronic lung disease or neurological issues, particularly in those with pre-existing health conditions. Why is Ongoing Research Important?
Adenoviruses are of interest not only because of their role in human disease but also due to their application in
gene therapy and vaccine development. Understanding the mechanisms of adenovirus infection can aid in developing more effective therapies and preventive strategies.
